The Worst Day Of My Life - 1078 Words

Rain thrashed down savagely upon the roof of my candy apple red 1970 Mustang. The car was beautiful, but I never really worried about leaving it outside to get splattered. Even if I did care, it didn t matter. The five-car garage was already packed with all of Bill s trophy vehicles. Bill had purchased the classic for me anyway. After shutting the car door, I trudged up the driveway to the curve path that led to the double doors of my house. While I walked, icy rain seeped through my clothes, cooling my heated skin. It felt good. Football practiced had been brutal today, but then again, so had everything. In fact, today, the second week of senior year, felt like the worst day of my life. Don t think about it Jared, I mumbled to†¦show more content†¦I was starving. My gloominess had arrested me from eating and drinking all day. Obtaining food was now my top priority. I whirled around and peered through the sheeting rain to the Victorian mansion across the street, but all I could see was a vague outline. The dark blue sky had somehow shrouded my view. In all six years living in the town of Eastbay, I had never really paid much attention to the mansion. To me, it was just the house across the street. To the neighbors, however, it was the ghastly old house next to the dark forest that was never remodeled. My eyes darted to the condensed group of pine trees guarding the south side of my fence. A wind blew, and I quickly looked away. Once again my stomach grumbled. Maybe I could eat some of their oranges, I figured. Or at least ask for water, even a cup of water would be nice. Without another thought, I threw on my hood and jogged across my lawn. As I approached the house, I gazed at the wrought iron fence that lined the property. The tops stood tall, sharp like spearheads. There was no gate, however, just a large opening, and so I crossed the threshold. Honestly, this was the closest I had ever been to the house before, but maybe that was because it looked kind of eerie. Tall, dark, three-story house with elaborate designs and a steep multi-faceted roof. Wet grass squished underneath my shoes as I drew close to the porch. On either side of the stairsteps, I could see thick gnarls of scarlet red roses. TheyShow MoreRelatedThe Worst Day Of My Life848 Words   |  4 PagesEveryone has good and bad days, but this day was the worst day of my life. This day didnt just affect me, it affected my whole family, friends and the community. The worst part of this, it wasnt just a day, it was a whole two months. I was only sixteen, when this took place so I had a lot of emotions including confused, overwhelmed, and melancholy at times. It was October of 2015, my brother had pain in his head so they took him to the ER. The doctors didnt find anything so they sent him homeRead MoreThe Worst Day of My Life1026 Words   |  5 Pages2011 English-111 The Worst Day of My Life As I lie here looking up at the ceiling, unable to move, I think to myself that this could be the worst day of my life. As I try to think about how I got here I begin to put the pieces together and I realize what happened to me. This day was like any other day of my life. It was such a pretty day, the sun was shining, the sky was blue, a perfect day for a summer birthday party. My nephew was turning four years of age, so my brother was throwing himRead MoreThe Worst Day Of My Life Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesIt was a typical day of work at Wendy’s, it was gloomy, we were all joking around, and just ready to go home. I was talking to my co-worker Nathan about the funny customers we would get, our typical random conversations. We would become bored easily when there were no customers so we would always find some way to entertain ourselves. I suddenly got a surprise visit from my two best friends which made my day so much better. They came to visit a lot so I didn’t think anything of their appearance otherRead MoreThe Worst Day Of My Life1009 Words   |  5 Pages You would think the day I got the news would be the worst day of my life so far. Or the first time I got news like that period. But when something overwhelming like that ha ppens to you, so many emotions fill you all at once. Dread, disbelief, fear, hope†¦ everything. And with all those emotions rushing through you, it becomes hard to understand what you’re actually feeling- the main emotion you’re experiencing. And so you don’t really have time to think on what’s happening because you’re so confusedRead MoreThe Worst Day Of My Life712 Words   |  3 Pageswas a hot sunny day. The sun blazed like crazy. That was the day a special girl was born. â€Å"When is it coming? When is it coming?,† I said as I scrambled out of the bedroom. The day all started when I found out my mother was in the hospital. I was extremely excited because a new girl was coming into the family. We still didn’t know what her name would be. When she was born, everyone suggested many names, but I knew exactly what I was going to call her. This was the best day of my life. It all startedRead MoreThe Worst Days Of My Life997 Words   |  4 Pages Not everything in life has a fairytale ending. There are certain times in life when you realized that you can’t hold onto grudges and anger that doesn’t do you any good. You grow to realize that family is the most important gift you will ever receive. Especially after losing someone you have cherished, loved and looked up to over the years. April 17, 2016 was one of the worst days of my life. I lost a great women who inspired me to be a better me and follow my dreams; my grandmother. She wasRead MoreThe Worst Day Of My Life703 Words   |  3 Pages One day I woke up to get ready for school just like any other day. I got dressed, brushed my teeth, and walked out the door. I felt really good that day. I felt like I was floating on a cloud ready to do anything. I felt like I never did before, like I could see anything and everything. It was like nature had granted me a wish. Later that day it suddenly became one of the worst days of my life. As my parents sat me down and told me that my Grandpa had died. I am walking home from school. It’s prettyRead MoreThe Worst Day Of My Life Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesJuly 21, 2009 was what I considered to be the worst day of my life for several years. I woke up that morning to an empty room besides my bed, an empty bookshelf, and my hamster, Skittles. In the living room I could hear the sound of boxes being taped shut and several people talking. This was the day I left my life in Omaha, Nebraska to move to Roswell, Georgia. I was ten years old and oblivious to the idea of moving to a different state. Little did I know my dad would be offered a new job in a stateRead MoreThe Worst Day Of My Life1101 Words   |  5 Pages It seemed like just an ordinary day in Corpus Christi Texas for Sam Anderson, but it would end up being the most unusual day of his life†¦ 8 months ago my parents and my brother went to San Antonio to see the Alamo. I was face timing my brother Shane when it happened. He was right outside the Alamo when all of a sudden the picture of his face went black and I could hear the thud of the phone hit the ground. Then I heard the screams, and then the gunshots and sirens- It felt like somebody just tookRead MoreThe Worst Day Of My Life Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesThe worst day of my life was in the afternoon of September 16, 2011. I had to be woken up to get ready for school, rode the bus for an hour and a half, and spent the majority of my day wishing I was back at home. When my wish did come true, I immediately regretted it. I loved being home, but once I made my way inside my house and opened the door, I had the feeling that the rest of my day would be anything but lovely. Upon stepping foot into my home, I realized that there was an eerie vibe surrounding

Pearl Harbor A Day That Will Live in Question - 1398 Words

In the beginning of the 1930’s the U.S had no desire to enter another world war or involve themselves in European foreign affairs. The U.S policy of isolationism was extremely popular not only with citizens but with government officials as well. With this being said, what factors could have contributed to the U.S involvement in World War II? . Pearl Harbor was the main factor that led to the U.S involvement in World War II despite the fact that the fact that the overwhelming majority of the country wanted nothing to do with the war in Europe. (Foner 856) â€Å"December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.† These were the†¦show more content†¦Although the naval ships in Hawaii went unprotected, commercial ships did not. On November 25th shipping via the North Pacific was banned. The South Pacific was the now the only transpacific route approved for U.S and Allied ships to use. This is highly suspicious given the Japanese fleet was said to have set sail toward Hawaii the same day this policy was ordered. Some argue that F.D.R did this to protect commercial ships from becoming collateral damage to the Japanese fleet. Others said he made this call to ensure that the Japanese fleet went undetected and that the attack on Pearl Harbor would be successful. Whichever theory one chooses to believe as to why F.D.R made this call, it is apparent that the U.S indeed was at least aware of an attack on the Pacific, if not the precise location and that they took certain measures to protect commercial ships but not naval ones (Pearl Harbor: Hawaii). On December 7th, 1941 Pearl Harbor was indeed attacked by Japan. Almost twenty naval ships and approximately two hundred airplanes were completely destroyed, while somewhere near three thousand men lay dead or injured (Pearl Harbor). Luckily, no aircraft carries were docked in P earl Harbor the day of the attack. Or was it luck at all? It seems coincidental that allShow MoreRelatedAmerica s Involvement During The World War II1132 Words   |  5 PagesDecember 7, 1941 is known as â€Å"a day the will live in infamy† due to the surprise attack on the United States by Japan. The leading events to Pearl Harbor, the attack, and the after effects of the bombings are all actions that pushed America into the Second World war and have shaped the country to what it is today. The precursors to Pearl Harbor showed that America’s involvement with the war was inevitable. Japan and China went back and forth having trade, land, and power disagreements. While AmericaRead MoreAmerican History : Pearl Harbor1067 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Yesterday, December 7, 1941 – a date which will live in infamy – the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan,† (Day). The quote above, from Franklin D. Roosevelt as he addresses Congress and asks for a declaration of war against Japan, which he later on received, refers to one of the most important events to materialize in American history: Pearl Harbor. Much has been documented discussing the events that took place on DecemberRead MorePearl Harbor Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesPearl Harbor Death, destruction, and mercilessness do little justice in describing the horrible events that took place on December 7th, 1941. What Pearl Harbor fails to accurately depict is the complexity of the situation. The actual causes of the attack and also the long-term effects that the attack on Pearl Harbor had on the world are some aspects one doesnt see. Was the bombing of Pearl Harbor a success? Who benefited the most in the end? Scholars have long ponderedRead MoreThe Attack Of Pearl Harbor Essay913 Words   |  4 Pageschanged the history of our nation and other nations. In 1941, Japan attacked American soil in Pearl Harbor. Many lives were lost that morning. However many questions were left behind. Whose fault was it, could the attack have been prevented. In few, articles, it s said President Roosevelt knew about the attack. On the other hand, what could have caused the Japanese to attack Pearl Harbor? Many questions remain, but all we know these events endlessly changed America and Japan. On the morning of DecemberRead MoreThe Pearl Harbor Myth : Rethinking The Unthinkable981 Words   |  4 Pagescountry. The empire of Japan bombed the Pearl Harbor base. Before the bombing, the Japanese were spotted in the radar, but it was belief to be American B-17 since it was coming from the west coast. The surprised Pearl Harbor attack killed more than 2,300 Americans. The attack also destroyed about 12 ships and 160 aircrafts; it was a devastating day for our nation. The following day president Roosevelt declared war against The Empire of Japan. One of the questions that remains is, did president RooseveltRead MoreThe Attack on Pearl Harbor Essay1680 Words   |  7 PagesDecember 7, 1941, was on of the worst attacks ever on the United States. Out of that day, 2,403 soldiers were killed in action, 1,178 were wounded in action. Through the misjudgments of numerous U.S. armed forces personnel, the Japanese were able to carry out this terrible attack, which crippled the United Sta tes’ Pacific Fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. â€Å"Yesterday, December 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy, the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval andRead MoreA Comparison of the Attack on Pearl Harbor and the Terroist Attacks of September 11th, 20011023 Words   |  5 Pages The events of December 7th1941 on Pearl Harbor are ones that along with many others will forever remain written down as a historic day in not just in history but in naval and military history as well. In this essay I will first explain and describe the Pearl Harbor attack. I will do that in the perspective of a male veteran who at the time was stationed at Pearl Harbor as a U.S. Navy cadet describing the events of that topic to a news anchor for a local newspaper. I also explain what happened afterRead MoreThe Attack Of Pearl Harbor899 Words   |  4 Pageschanged the history of our nation and other nations. In 1941, Japan attacked American soil in Pearl Harbor. Many lives were lost that morning. However many questions were left behind. Whose fault was it, could the attack have been prevented. In few, articles, it’s said the President Roosevelt knew about the attack. On the other hand, what could have caused the Japanese to attack Pearl Harbor? Many questions remain, but all we know these events endlessly changed America and Japan. On the morning ofRead MoreThe Best War Ever By Michael Adams1686 Words   |  7 PagesFor an event, which has impacted a whole generation to fight a war, Pearl Harbor does not always hold up to the word infinity. In the past seventy years there have been countless books, articles and movies written about World War Two and Pearly Harbor. Each book brings a different approach to the impact of Pearl and how it has impacted the world since. In the book, The Best War Ever, by Michael Adams, and A Date Which Will Live, by Emily Rosenberg both tackle the issues of memory after the war andRead MoreThe Year Is 1941, War Is Waging In Europe Between The Axis1273 Words   |  6 Pagesend on December 7th 1941 as Roosevelt called it â€Å"a date which will live in infamy† (Franklin D Roosevelt). Japan launched multiple surprise attacks, with a major strike taking place at Pearl Harbor located in Hawaii on the island of Oahu. This attack would be the rallying point for American as Rooseve lt would on the next day address Congress with his speech citing that the attack on Pearl Harbor was â€Å"deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago† due to the distance from the Japanese mainland.

Intelligence Three Test Comparison Free Essays

Society has been intrigued with the human mind since the beginning of time whether it deals with expanding the mind, strengthening, conditioning, or testing the limitations. A popular way to test the human mind is through the use of an intelligence test. In order to test the human mind on intelligence it must be defined to have reliable constructs that can be measured. We will write a custom essay sample on Intelligence Three Test Comparison or any similar topic only for you Order Now Intelligence is being able to how well you learn from experiences and being able to adapt to the environment. Intelligence test the WISC uses four subtest groups to measure intelligence, which are verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed. These four subtest groups are constructs of intelligence broken into categories based on the skill type. Within the subtest these categories are used in intelligence test, for example the Shipley uses only vocabulary and abstraction as measurements of intelligence. IQ test vary with what types of constructs being used from using two items to all fifteen items. This paper is comparing the scores of three different IQ test, the Shipley, Wonderlic, and the classical IQ test. Similar to the comparing and contrasting of scores the ways each test defers will be examined along with the strength, purposes, and weaknesses of each test. The first test the Shipley, which is an intelligence test that is measuring education and intellectual deterioration. The test is broken up into two parts first the vocabulary section where participants have ten minutes to answer forty vocab questions based on the similarity of the word compared to the four answer responses. The second part of this test was the abstraction part where twelve minutes was given to answer twenty-five questions. This particular test showed high internal consistency at . 92 along with acceptable test-retest scores at . 87-. 4, and a SEM at 4. 57, which is a medium SEM. The Validity for this test showed good concurrent validity. The standardization for the Shipley is a total of 2,826 with the demographic of 1,203 adults and 1,876 children. The downfall of the Shipley is that scores are highly depend on the verbal and abstraction ability not including any of the other constructs for testing intelligences. Thus this supports the issue of the Shipley being bia s to people who have poor English skills or it is their second language making the test more challenging for them. I felt that the score I received on the vocabulary portion was accurate in regards to vocabulary IQ because I do struggle with learning and comprehension, spelling, and vocabulary. I scored in the lower 21% ranking for vocabulary, which isn’t surprising because a large amount of words I didn’t understand and was guessing. The scores seemed to favor people with a wide comprehensive vocabulary and people who are native English language speakers. What doesn’t seem fair is for the people who struggle with aspects such as vocab are going to have low scores, which can hinder aspects where the scores of the Shipley are used as a deciding factor. Although overall the abstract portion balanced out the combined score leaving me at a average percentile ranking for the Shipley. Some sources of error that my affect the results of the test could be the time of day the test was taken, if each test was instructed in the same manner along with the other previously discussed examples. The Wonderlic intelligence test is more widely used in the work force and is used to evaluate and aid in hiring decisions. It intends to measure the general intelligence of adults in the business and industry field. The test consists of fifty questions that progressively get harder as they go on. The time limit is twelve minutes to complete as many correct answers as possible. The test was not intended for people to complete in the elapse time. The internal consistency, test re-tests, and concurrent validity are all excellent for this test. This suggest that this test is reliable and measures what it intendeds to measure. The SEM is much smaller than the Shipley at 1. 4. While having excellent standardization with a sample size was 100,000 individuals. This test has been known as or called unfair, because for ESL individuals have a much harder time with the vocab and comprehension part. It could take them longer to read or understand certain aspects, which could slow them down and affect their scores for the test that could potentially decide who gets the job based on scores. The tests are scored and compare the standard score with the corresponding grade level. Age is also a factor in this test to where the older you are the higher number of points you can add to your final score. On this test I strongly agree with the idea that this test is unfair because of the short time limit you are given to take the full test. Also the content on the test may be examining your intellectual abilities but may not relate to the on the job aspect of learning or type of work duties. This is starting people off who need accommodations such as longer test taking, anxiety, ESL individuals, and people struggle in school to perform lower than people who don’t need these accommodations. It has been proven that certain ethnicity do better or worse on this test. So that alone is giving an advantage to a particular group because a portion of people start out with a disadvantage based on socioeconomic status, education, ethnicity, and parents education level. A source of error that can occur with this test could be the amount of time given to participants, time of day or beginning or ending of a school week and possibly ethnicity based on previous scores. The online intelligence test is used as a predictor of your academic achievements. It is measuring general intelligence; this test used several of the subtests that were previously discussed. The scoring was scaled by the ability to retain previous learned knowledge. The knowledge being tested was acquired through education and experience. What I learned about intelligence assessment was that there are many types of intelligence test and they each vary in aspects of testing. What I learned about my own intelligence was simply confirmed with the three test results. Prior to the intelligence test I would have guested that my levels of intelligence was around average. Overall for all three test a consistent finding of an average IQ score was found after reviewing the results. For the first Shipley my standard score was right on the 100 mark that coordinates to the fifty percentile of the overall scores of the Shipley. This is right on the average of overall scores for the Shipley. The Wonderlic showed similar results where I answered twenty-eight items scoring fifteen items correct out of fifty total items. The scoring was comparing your total score to the years of education completed. I scored in the tenth grade category with the cumulative ranking of 18. 72 when compared to adults and a 2. when compared to college graduates. When looking at the level of education completed the score puts me at grade level ten, which is right in the middle of the years of education. The interpreting of the WPT test results state that I may enter high school and will probably select classes that are on a less academic track. This is the lowest amount of educational success that is interpreted and I am on my way to achieving the highest level of interpretation being a coll ege graduate. This test doesn’t seem to be an accurate predication of education levels. Although my scores fall below the mean on this test it is fairly close to the overall mean. For the final online IQ test found that I was right around the overall mean again with my percentile ranking at 45% which is very close to the middle. Moreover I have confirmed through the three IQ test that I rank in the overall average category. When comparing the IQ results to my class performance or GPA they do correlate. My cumulative GPA is 2. 5 which is right on the average for overall GPA, which relate to the three scores I received from the test confirming an average overall IQ and learning processing. With my GPA and the overall IQ test scores correlating can suggest that the IQ test are a good predictor or accurate predictor of GPA. Also can imply that GPA is a predictor of your overall intelligence. Looking at my overall data suggest that I am of average intelligence with strongly correlates with my GPA. I agree with the findings of average IQ score because it reflects my grades in school throughout high school and college and attitude about my cognitive functioning. Although I disagree that the test should be used as a predictor or and outcome variable for selection decisions. How to cite Intelligence Three Test Comparison, Papers

Immortal Technique Is a Great Rapper free essay sample

Technique is the greatest rapper of all time. Many will argue against this assertion and many will protest that he couldnt possibly be the best because theyve never even heard of him. However, the few who have heard him will agree that he has an incredibly unique voice and lyrical ability and that he touches on subjects that most rappers wont touch with a ten foot pole. Hopefully I can convince you of Immortal Techniques brilliance and convince some people to listen to his music. First of all, Immortal Technique is not a well known rapper. He sold his first scored, Revolutionary Volvo. 1 out of the trunk of his car!It is an absolutely brilliant record and contains the stunning song Dance with the Devil which will haunt you for days if you listen to it. If you look up the song on tunes, it gets nothing but Five star reviews and people rave about how when they first heard it, it blew their mind. We will write a custom essay sample on Immortal Technique Is a Great Rapper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Everyone who has heard the song will admit that it is one of the greatest songs theyve ever heard and that the story in the song has haunted them for days after listening to it. Secondly, Immortal Technique has a very unique approach to political issues. Political hip hop has been a very rare thing since the dominant days of Public Enemy in the early sasss.Many rappers are too obsessed with material objects and boasting to be concerned about the misdeeds of the federal government and its inherently racist institutions. Immortal Technique Is a very rare and amazing artist In that he takes the bull by the horns and exposes many of the lies that the government tells us. He rhymes eloquently about the CIA and Bin Laden, about the twin towers and how they were brought down by demolition, and about the real reason why we are in Iraq and waging a war on terror. He does all of this political rapping in a way that is not preachy or boring In any way, but Is very powerful, persuasive and entertaining.Many will argue that Immortal Technique couldnt possibly be one of the greatest rappers of all time because theyve never even heard of him. They might even ask If hes so great, how come Ive never heard of him? To this objection, I point out that greatness and pop culture exposure are not synonymous or directly related. Immortal Technique was offered many major label deals but those labels wanted him to be less political, less radical, and less honest. Immortal Technique was unwilling o compromise and sell out and has remained an Independent artist without corporate sponsorship.You have to respect his artistic Integrity and his choice to produce perfect art r ather than to pursue the almighty dollar. Immortal Technique Is most certainly one of the best rappers Ive ever heard and deserves a place next to Bilge, Outpace and Jay-Z as one of the foremost lyricists of our time. Anyone who Is Inclined to disagree should listen to some of his work before coming to a contrary conclusion. He has his own unique voice and a message that can wake any listener from their mental slum of apathy and Ignorance. He should be Judged by the quality of his work, not by the number of records he has sold.In short, Immortal Technique Is a thoroughly brilliant rapper and deserves to be considered one of the greatest of all time. Immortal Technique Is a Great Rapper By metallic assertion and many will protest that he couldnt possibly be the best because theyve inherently racist institutions. Immortal Technique is a very rare and amazing artist in and how they were brought down by demolition, and about the real reason why we way that is not preachy or boring in any way, but is very powerful, persuasive an d o compromise and sell out and has remained an independent artist without corporate sponsorship. You have to respect his artistic integrity and his choice to Immortal Technique is most certainly one of the best rappers Ive ever heard and deserves a place next to Biggie, Outpace and Jay-Z as one of the foremost lyricists of our time. Anyone who is inclined to disagree should listen to some of his work before can wake any listener from their mental slum of apathy and ignorance. He should short, Immortal Technique is a thoroughly brilliant rapper and deserves to be

Dickinson Five Poems Compared In Comedic Tone Essays -

Dickinson Five Poems Compared In Comedic Tone While much of Emily Dickinson's poetry has been described as sad or morose, the poetess did use humor and irony in many of her poems. This essay will address the humor and/ or irony found in five of Dickinson's poems: Faith is a Fine Invention, I'm Nobody! Who are you?, Some keep the Sabbath Going to Church and Success Is Counted Sweetest. The attempt will be made to show how Dickinson used humor and / or irony for the dual purposes of comic relief and to stress an idea or conclusion about her life and environment expressed by the poetess in the respective poem. The most humorous or ironic are some of the shorter poems, such as the four lined stanzas of Faith is a Fine Invention and Success Is Counted Sweetest. In Faith..., Dickinson presents a witty and biting satirical look at Faith and its limitations. While it still amuses readers today, it must be mentioned that this short poem would have had a greater impact and seriousness to an audience from the period Dickinson lived in. Dic kinson was raised in a strict Calvinist household and received most of her education in her youth at a boarding school that also followed the American Puritanical tradition she was raised in. In this short, witty piece Dickinson addresses two of the main obsessions of her generation: The pursuit of empirical knowledge through science, faith in an all-knowing, all-powerful Christian god and the debate on which was the more powerful belief. In this poem Dickinson uses humor to ease her position in the debate on to the reader. Dickinson uses her ability to write humourously and ironically (as seen in her suggestion of the use of microscopes) to present a firm, controversial opinion into what could be dismissed as an irreverent, inconsequential piece of writing. In Success..., Dickinson's emphasis is less on humor and more on expressing irony. This poem may be partially auto-biographical in nature. Dickinson made few attempts during her life to be taken as more than an armature poetess. On one occasion, she sent a collection of her poems to a correspondent who was also a published poet. His criticism of the poems devastated Dickinson, and she never made another attempt towards publishing her works. In Success..., Dickinson reflects on the nature of success and how, ironically, it can be best appreciated and understood by those who have not achieved it and have no taste of it. As in Faith..., Dickinson powerfully presents her thoughts in a few lines. The poem deals only with one, ironic but universal, idea in its short length. It is the bitterness expressed at this irony (as found it Dickinson's juxtaposition of the words sweetest and sorest, separated by two lines) that is most felt by the reader. While the previous poem expresses the poetess' bitterness and sorrow with one aspect of her life, I'm Nobody! Who Are You? uses humor without irony to address another. In this poem, Dickinson style appears almost child-like in its of descriptions including frogs and bogs , as well as the lively energy expressed by the poem through its use of dashes and brief wording. Dickinson seems to be addressing her spinster, hermit-like existence (I'm Nobody) and her preference to it. The poetess seems to relate that her situation has not left her without a sense of humor, but in fact has allowed her to maintain a child-like outlook on life rather than adapting to the boring norms of her society ( How dreary - to be - Somebody!). She mocks the conventional need for self-importance through publicity (How public - like a Frog - / To tell one's name - the livelong June -), suggesting that the audience isn't that interested ( / To an admiring Bog). She instead seems to idealize her solitude by creating the mysterious feeling of a secret society of social outcasts (Don't tell! they'd advertise - you know!). In this poem, she effectively uses humor to soften a critique of certain members of her society. While this poem is longer than the other poems discussed, it too is able to express the quality of brevity and lightness in

The Kamikazes essays

The Kamikazes essays Kamikaze was a type of Japanese pilot who flew suicide missions during the last months of World War II (1939-1945). The kamikazes were trained to dive airplanes loaded with the explosives into certain targets, usually American naval vessels. They were much like a human bullet. The suicide planes were also called kamikazes. Japan was desperate when it launched the kamikaze missions. Its military leaders viewed the kamikazes as the last hope of stopping the powerful Allied advance. But the plan didnt work. The first kamikaze attacks occurred in October 1944, when the Allies invaded the Japanese-held Philippines. More than a thousand kamikazes took part in the defense of Okinawa in 1945. Kamikaze pilots, sacrificing their lives in a last-ditch effort to stop the American advance, sank about 30-40 ships and damaged more than 350 others. They thought the Allied forces would have some trouble because they were losing so many warships. America wouldve been long time ago. In those days naval vessels were so abundant that the U.S. were having trouble finding enough sailors to man the ship. But the kamikazes failed to sink any large aircraft carriers-their main targets-and in time proved to be a costly failure. They became more important for the kind of resistance they symbolized than for the damage they caused. The word kamikaze means divine wind. During the summer of 1281 the Emperor assigned an enormous army of 140,000 troops to the conquest of the Japanese islands. An armada of four thousands ships sailed, once again bound for Hakata Bay to fight the Mongols. Kublai Khans forces landed. The battle was fought again, and once more the Mongols turned back to the beach. The Japanese fought valiantly, but with the enormous resources of the Mongols breached the defenses. Then, one night almost without warning, a powerful typhoon blew through most of their battle equipment and horses, and d...

China in the World Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

China in the World Economics - Essay Example At the conclusion of his trip, the Shanghai Communiqu declared a statement of their shared foreign policy views. But following the suppression of Communist demonstrators in June 1989, U.S. suspended high-level official exchanges with the PRC and weapons exports and also imposed a number of economic sanctions on account of its absence of Human Rights policies. Following the September 11 2001 attacks, the U.S. and PRC commenced a counterterrorism propaganda that positively reflected in their joint ventures and wholly US-owned enterprises in mainland China. The 1969-79 years featured normalization of relations between the People's Republic of China and the United States. The economic and political maturity of China, coupled with new concerns over the nature of Chinese-American interactions (concerns that were prompted by several circumstances, including the Vietnam War and Nixon's surprise visit to the PRC), caused the establishment of full diplomatic relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China. ... The PRC welcomed the visit for a variety of reasons, the most important of which was probably the perceived imminence of a Soviet attack on China. A second factor was Peking's concern that Japan's tremendous economic growth might serve as the basis for a revitalization of Japanese militarism until United States by virtue of its security treaty with Japan help prevent any such Japanese rearmament. The size of the Chinese economy, even measured in current U.S. dollar (USD) terms, is likely to have surpassed that of Britain and leapt to be the fourth largest economy in the world by the end of 2005. Since its re-entry into the world economy in the late 1970s, China has been a beneficiary of the international economic system. In the 1990s, more and more states pursue the strategy of entering into free trade agreements that offer preferential terms of trade among its members while discriminating against nonmembers. The establishment of the WTO in 1995, whose explicit intent was to strength en application of the principle of non-discrimination of its member economies, saw a growth in the number of FTAs. By mid-2000, one hundred and fourteen FTAs were in effect. Steve Van Andel, chairman of the US Chamber of Commerce and board chairman of the US-based Amway Company, during an exclusive interview with People's Daily correspondent Liu Aicheng stationed in the United States the Chinese markets potential and economic development to be very promising. He said: US Amway Company, founded in 1959, is a world-famous producer of household products for daily use. The company has been investing in China for seven years, with the total investment topping US$1 million, and it has planned to expand its investment

Separation of Church and State Literature review

Separation of Church and State - Literature review Example Second, and perhaps, on the contrary, the notion of a constitutional "separation of church and state" (a phrase that appears nowhere in the U.S. Constitution) is an influential symbol in American political discourse. Though there is little agreement relating to the precise meaning of such separation, the principle itself is not normally challenged in American politics (Jelen, 2000). Thus, 1Separation of church and state was definitely not an invention of the Enlightenment political theory that might have prompted similar thoughts in the mind of the respected Thomas Jefferson. Certainly, it misleads to analyze the lively experiment in political terms at all, for the Providence regime was just as certainly and decisively rooted in Protestant theologies as was the Puritans' city on a hill. The encompassing description of liberty of conscience was the systematizing principle of society, and it produced a kind of severance of church and state. It is thus significant to keep in mind that the cleavage was meant to protect the church and the soul from the debasing influence of the magistrate, to protect the garden of the church from corruption in the boondocks of the world. The quest for spiritual purity quite factually led into the political realm, where he was basically traditional, if not authoritarian. This priority of the religious is clearly evident in the legislative explanation for the revised 1798 Act Relative to Religious Freedom and the Maintenance of Ministers: Whereas Almighty, God hath created the mind free; that all attempts to influence it by temporal punishments or burthens, or by civil incapacitation, tend only to beget habits of hypocrisy and meanness, and is a departure from the plan of the Holy Author of our religion, who being Lord both of body and mind, yet chose not to propagate it by coercions on either, as was in his almighty power to do that to compel a man to furnish contributions of money for the propagation of opinions which he disbelieves, is sinful and tyrannical; that even the forcing him to support this or that teacher of his own religious persuasion, is depriving him of the comfortable liberty of giving his contributions to the particular pastor whose morals he would make his pattern, and whose powers he feels most persuasive to righteousness, and is withdrawing from the ministry those temporary rewards, which, proceeding from an appropriation of their personal conduct, are an additional incitement to earnest and unre mitting labors for the instruction of mankind.  Ã‚     

Should Prisoners Be allowed To Vote Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should Prisoners Be allowed To Vote - Essay Example However, the ban is still not lifted in the country despite growing pressure from the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) to allow the prisoners to vote. This research paper presents evidence based discussion to illustrate the reality of the claim that â€Å"the UK prisoners should be allowed to vote because first, breaking a law does not deter a person’s right to vote and second, such a blanket ban is an infringement on ECHR.† ECHR works to preserve and promote human rights. This law was formed so that the suffering parties would be able to seek justice or plead for enforcement of rights. Now, the European Court has protested against the UK’s blanket ban on voting right of prisoners labelling it an unlawful action. But, the UK president, David Cameron, strongly opposed everything ECHR had to say on the subject. It is recently claimed by ECHR that â€Å"UK ban on prisoners voting ‘breaches their human rights† (Withnall 2014). This decision of the European judges is not respected in the UK because it is strictly believed by the parliament that prisoners should not be given right to vote. Previously, ECHR has released similar statements opposing the role played by the UK on prisoners’ voting rights. For example, a ruling passed by ECHR in 2005 based on a claim made by a convicted felon, John Hirst, said that all prisoners should be allowed to vote in the UK and no compensation shou ld be made to them by the government. In contrast to this, the UK parliament’s stand on the subject is that the powers of ECHR should be restricted because they have regularly become a hurdle in the imposition of ban on prisoners’ voting rights. It is claimed that the final decision must be made by the UK, not by the Europe (Press Association 2013). But, that condition should only be respected if it does not violate human rights. As the ban does in deed violate human rights, so the UK should not be given the freedom to prevent its prisoners from

Factors Effecting Voltage of Electrochemical Cells

Factors Effecting Voltage of Electrochemical Cells

The Secret Diary of Lady Macbeth :: essays research papers

The Secret Diary of Lady Macbeth After receiving a letter from Macbeth Earlier today, I received a most urgent letter from Macbeth. He told me that he was accosted by three witches on the night of the battle between Scotland and Norway. They greeted him "All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Glamis! All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! All hail Macbeth, that shalt be King hereafter!" Macbeth was "rapt" with what the witches had said and tried to question them further but they vanished into a haze of fog. I could see his enthusiasm from his vocabulary and could tell that he believed the witches, even though they are feared and many hundreds have been burned. He said he "burned in desire" to question them further, indicating that he was almost on fire with this knowledge that came from the "perfect'st report". Witches have metaphysical powers and "more in them than mortal knowledge". Later that day Macbeth received a message from the King saying he was to become Thane of Cawdor. He called me his "dearest partner of greatness" and plans to share the glory of the golden round with me. He sent the letter by messenger despite the danger of the contents being read by others, when it could have waited until he arrived here. Having seen Macbeth's enthusiasm, I will take my cue from him. His letters have "transported me beyond this ignorant present". I nearly told a messenger who brought news of the King coming to stay, of my thoughts and for one moment, I reacted as though Macbeth were already King, and I Queen, I must be more careful in the future. I have made the decision that Macbeth will be King, the only problem being that he is "too full of the milk of human kindness" and does not have it in him to do the unthinkable deed, at heart Macbeth is a giver and not a destroyer. I see my role as Macbeth's strengthener. I wish that I could persuade him to "catch the nearest way". To this end, I asked the evil spirits to take my womanly qualities away. I asked them to take my milk and replace it with gall. I am asking to become a poisoner instead of a nourisher. I asked for unnatural darkness so that heaven will not see and cry: "Hold, hold!" No one must see the murder, as killing the King is an unthinkable act; it is just like killing God.

Integration – Teamwork

Integration – Teamwork The first step toward peaceful common existence in a multicultural country is integration. It can easily happen that immigrants end up isolated, unable to take part in their new society. This is a problem for both the immigrants and the country they have come to. By not participating they are not doing anything for the country's benefit, and the people of said country may start asking themselves: if they are not taking part, why should they be taken care of?They may fall away from the system, not getting any of the advantages, and at the same time missing their opportunity to raise their voices and do anything about their situation. It all ends up as a downward spiral that makes integration, and thereby also improvement, more and more difficult. Integration is therefore something that has to start happening right away. The first step to integration is often said to be learning the language of the country, and I think this makes a lot of sense. A language barrier is a huge barrier, as communication is essential in almost every situation.But how can we make this happen? Would it be a solution that all immigrants attend language classes in their new country? If you compare a multicultural country to a group of people with completely different personalities, values and ideas stuck together in one tiny house for an extended period of time, it is hardly that difficult to imagine that problems are going to arise; eventually they will find something to argue about. Now this might sound negative, but it is, in fact, not. Arguing, if kept on a reasonable level, is how you become fully aware of your own meanings and views.You may learn to see things from a different perspective, and sometimes the argument brings out new ideas that can lead to solutions. This is part of the reason I believe that migration can only be a good thing, as it makes us learn new things through our differences. (Of course, the types of issues deriving from migration d o differ quite drastically from the types of issues that the members of the hundreds of reality shows we have nowadays have got to deal with, but that also means that the things we learn from them are different as well, and if I may say so, also infinitely more giving. It is not that long ago that we found the whole idea of sharing, mixing and just getting to know the rest of the world somewhat frightening. We were not very good at it, and wanted everything to stay the way it was. The modern world takes pride in being open and new-thinking however, and the word on everyone's lips is â€Å"diversity†. Yes, diversity and sharing our cultures are wonderful things that we should definitely learn to appreciate more, but through our fear of racism we are making it almost impossible to state the fact that there are actually going to be some changes for you if you move to a new country.Of course you do not have to give up on your own culture, of course you can still speak your mother tongue, of course we want diversity. But what we sometimes forget to mention is that you really can't speak only your mother tongue in your new country and that you will have to get in touch with the culture of this new country as well as keeping your own. If you really want your new country to actually be your new country and to accept you as a part of it, then you will have to accept the fact that if you want your country to be multicultural, you will have to be a bit multicultural yourself.Learning a new language does not erase your own language from your brain, getting to know a new culture does not mean you have to let go of your own values, just as making new friends does not mean you can never speak to your old ones again. It is a matter of expanding rather than replacing. However, no relationships are ever one-sided. There has to be will and effort from both sides for it to work. This means that for integration to work smoothly, both the country and the immigrants have to d o their best to make it so.It is much easier for us to say that all immigrants must learn the language right away than it is for the immigrants to learn a whole new language in no time at all. If the attending of language classes are to be made compulsory, then the immigrants should be given the means to do so. It can hardly be expected that they should have the money for language classes at the ready right after they have arrived in a new country. Many of them are moving in order to start up a new life, and being forced to pay for language classes before they have started working is not going to help in any way.The fact that they will have a much easier time finding a job after the language classes does not help if they are already bankrupt before they have begun the search for a job. If the country would be willing to pay for the language classes however, that would be a huge benefit for the immigrants. It would also pay itself off for the country in many cases, once the new citiz ens start working. Though that does not mean that all immigrants will see and understand the necessity and the advantages of such classes, which would make the whole project a waste.This leads me to another important aspect of successful integration: communication between the country and the immigrants. Communication is always present in a healthy relationship, the relationship between country and immigrant being no exception. Now one might wonder how there can be communication about the necessity of learning the language before the immigrants learn the language, but there are ways to get this done. It is simply another matter of will and effort, once again from both sides rather than one.A relationship where only one part is trying to make things work is a doomed relationship. With this said, we can not blame only either immigrant or country if integration is not working, and we can not assign the responsibility of making integration possible to only either immigrant or country. Ye s, it is a definite benefit for the process of integration if the immigrant makes an effort to learn the language, but it can not really be as simply put as â€Å"all immigrants should learn the language of their new country†.No matter how much effort you put in, you will not be able to become a part of something if that â€Å"something† is not willing to accept you. It is like one of those â€Å"help me help you†-cases, if I may put it that simply, and I believe it is also know to be called teamwork. Once this first barrier, which is nothing but a barrier in the way of thinking, is overcome, all the other barriers standing in the way of integration will become a lot less insuperable.

buy custom Continuum of Healthcare essay

buy custom Continuum of Healthcare essay Health care involves systems that are progressive in nature. This is especially in promotion of the well being of patients both physically and mentally. When an intervention is done early, it reduces chances of having critical service provision and hence makes their functions easy. In addition, cost to be incurred in offering these services is minimized. There are eight stages upon which Health Care Continuum goes through. These include the following: the first stage involves revisiting the overall missions and goals that have been set as well as the objectives (Deffenbaugh, 1994). It involves the use of the box that is best suited. This serves as the reality check and paves ways for the completion of the second and third step. Setting the right missions, goals and objectives helps in advancing other stages. The second stage involves the process of identifying the core programs that are vital in the health care. In every stage in provision of continuum health care, it is important to have a list of vital services as well as programs that are suitable to be applied in every other stage (Callahan, (2000). For instance, the list may include all the affairs concerning the health care. Moreover, there is possibility of occurrence of other forms of risks that are related to health care. Thus, for effective intervention of any risk, it is important to have appraisal programs. Core objectives are essential as they are responsible in spanning the continuum process. Other initiates such as self care can help in provision of information to be considered in supporting and providing any form of intervention that may be required. In addition, medical care may be provided personally and help in making critical decisions affecting oneself. For example, people suffering from chronic diseases may benefit from this course and in managing their conditions more effectively. The third stage involves the process ofidentifying the organizational as well other benefits that employees may find as vital and supporting. This includes covering the preventive health care type of initiatives such as screening. Others include process of precertification in order to review certain organizational procedures (Deffenbaugh, 1994). The organization should also be in a position to provide incentives to ensure that people are able to comply with the programs. The fourth stage, involves estimation of the costs that are involved in programming and other forms of utilities. Therefore, in this stage, the total costs that are incurred in provision of health care services determined. This also entails the cost that every employee gets. On the same, there self insurance may be important to consider. The organization is hence able to determine its total expenditures in every continuum stage that is covered (Callahan, 2000). Some of the major charges include the ambulatory visits that are medically oriented, employees who have been hospitalized, the surgery costs, costs incurred on life insurance of the employees among other medical costs. The fifth stage involves assessing the status or the condition of the organization. This involves reviewing the programs that are within the continuum type of format being used. In this stage, missions, objectives and goals are reviewed. Their strengths and weakness are hence analyzed. The possibility of integrating the programs as the organization moves across the continuum is hence reviewed. In provision of these services, there is a possibility of occurrence of a particular gap. Therefore, this stage targets to come up with a solution to meet the needs within the organization. In order to enhance the support and responsibilities, real gaps and other related functions are put into focus. In case, there are gaps in the system, they are reviewed in order to provide more improved services. The outtcomes of the programs in place and mode of services delivery is also important to consider at this stage. The sixth stage in health care continuum involves addressing the several options that are available in the program. A thorough analysis is conducted to come up with proper initiatives that service the recommended needs of the organization. For instance, there might be several gaps that present themselves within the appraisal of the health care risk; this stage will be used to find another option to be used to solve this mystery. Comparisons between several programs options is also done to determine the most appropriate. Some of the major comparisons entails participants involves, the styles being used as well as the telephone lifestyle among other programs that might be in force. The seventh stage in the provision of health care continuum involves process of justification, planning and implementation. In this case, the analyses that have been arrived at are put on scale (Callahan, 2000). This helps in planning the implementation of the programs as well as budgeting to make the expenditures more reflective. Methods to implement the approved programs are also determined. The last stage involves laying out the analysis. This helps in fine tuning of the programs within the organization. In addition, it helps in application of major forms of intervention measures. A care seeker is able to move from one stage to another more easily. This is because, continuum involves a continuous process. There are laid strategies or stages that enable a health care seeker to move continuously from one stage to the next. Often, health care continuum presents a systematic process through which a care seeker can easily move from one stage to another. Therefore, a care seeker needs to present his or her case to the management. This will enable his in the movement throughout the different stages involved. Buy custom Continuum of Healthcare essay

Learn All About Primate Cities

Learn All About Primate Cities The term primate city may sound like something in a zoo but it actually has nothing to do with monkeys. It refers  to a city which is greater than two times the next largest city in a ​nation  (or contains over one-third of a nations population). The primate city is usually very expressive of the national culture and often the capital city. The law of the primate city was first created by geographer Mark Jefferson in 1939. Examples: Addis Ababa is the primate city of Ethiopia - its population outshines that of all other cities in the country.   Do Primate Citys Matter?   If youre from a country that doesnt have a primate city it can be hard to understand the significance of them. It is hard to imagine one city being responsible for the cultural, transportation, economic and governmental needs of the rest of the country. In the United States, for example, these roles are usually played by cities like Hollywood, New York, Washinton D.C. and Los Angeles. While independent movies are made in every state the majority of the films that all Americans watch are created in Hollywood and Los Angeles. Those two cities are responsible for part of the cultural entertainment that the rest of the nation watches.   Is New York City a Primate City? Surprisingly, even with its huge population of over 21 million residents, New York is not a primate city. Los Angeles is the second largest city in the United States with a population of 16 million. This means that the United States lacks a primate city. This isnt surprising  given the geographic size of the country. Even cities within the country are larger in size than that of an average  European city. This makes it far less likely for a primate city to occur.   Just because it isnt a primate city doesnt mean New York isnt important. New York is what is known as a Global City, this means it is financially significant to the rest of the world. In other words, events which affect the city also affect the global financial economy. This is why a natural disaster in one city can cause the stock market of another country to dip. The phrase also refers to cities that do a huge amount of global business. The term global city was coined by the sociologist Saskia Sassen.    Signs of Inequality Sometimes primate cities form because of a concentration of higher-paying white collar jobs in one city. As jobs in manufacturing and agriculture decline, more people are driven towards cities. Unemployment in rural areas can contribute to wealth concentrations in urban areas. This is made worse by the fact that most of the higher paying jobs are located within cities. The further people get from city centers the harder time they have finding well-paying jobs. This creates a vicious cycle of economically depressed small towns and overpopulated large cities. It is easier for primate cities to form in smaller nations because there are fewer cities for the population to choose from.

Critical review for a Book chapter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical review for a Book chapter - Essay Example Tourism department of several countries is motivating the hospitality organizations to focus on these things in order to attain both social and economic growth. In addition to this, this food and drink tourism festival can help the hospitality management students to learn about several key aspects associated with food and drink tourism. Discussion Food and drink festivals and events effectively provide extra attraction to the tourism concept. People, who love to visit popular tourist spots and cities, always try to experience the special local festivals and events of those areas. It is important for the tourism management organizations to take care all of these aspects along with basic aspects. The basic aspect is to take care the of the comfort and satisfaction level of the visitors. Global tourism sector is achieving significant growth rate. Various hospitality sectors are significantly contributing to the growth of this department. It is known to all that several developed and dev eloping countries are trying to improve this specific area as tourism department is considered as one of the major economic growth driver of a country. Several local restaurants and other hospitality management organizations understood the significance of their growth and sustainable business practices (Boniface, 2003). In addition to this, governments of several countries are trying to incorporate all the related industries to this sector in order to meet the market demand and growth objectives. Food and drink festivals have several benefits. First of all, it helps an organization to meet the satisfaction level of the customers or visitors. On the other hand, these specific festivals and events can help individuals to learn about the culture, food habits and preparation of local food items. Experience of several events with food and drink tourism can provide effective education and information to the individuals who are trying to get employment opportunities in this specific sector . People can learn lots of things through these events and activities. It is true that several organizations or corporations educational types of events. Major objective behind the arrangements of these kind of is to educate the students or their employees. Practical knowledge about these events can help the individuals to increase their level of skill and competencies. Therefore, it can be stated that special and diversified events associated with food and drink tourism can help individuals to attain appropriate knowledge. Attractiveness of an events or a particular festival varies from a visitor to another visitor. Several visitors like to see and experience traditional and authenticated events. The authenticity of festivals and events attract these types of customers. On the other hand, some of the visitors like to see and experience newly organized events apart from older and traditional events. It is the perception of the visitors that determines the attractiveness of the event s. It is true that modernity represents the dissolution of genuine inter-subjectivity. The demand for modern activities and events is increasing significantly among the global visitors. Food brings authenticity in the tourism concept. The taste and preparation of

World Literature Questions and Creative Writing Essay

World Literature Questions and Creative Writing - Essay Example On the other hand, God would like to test man’s steadfastness. Oblivion of the game where he is just a pawn, the man tosses on the horns of dilemma until he realizes his limitations. Why did the God do this with me? This is the question that dawn on him when he surfaces into reality. Like Faust, I signed my soul with the devil but I was smart .I told him if at any stage my mind changes I will break the pact. The devil was too sure. He knew after getting the best enticements, no man goes back to God.I am happy, by the grace of God I took a very wise decision. I have strived every time for the best and in this pursuit have found that there is limitation which a man should always accept. Human being is created by God with some inadequacy. We are not born perfect that is why we strive for perfection. Perfection is only found in the God’s kingdom.As He is the epitome of perfection so one should not exceed the limits he has imparted us with. Striving to overcome one’s limitation is going against His Will and denying Him. That is the time when the Devil can lure a human being. I too went through the same plight as Faust but I identified my limits as I knew ,I have my constraints and if I deny my God, I am denying my whole being. Devil won’t give one anything for free, He knows how to lure human, â€Å"...we meet again on the other side...same coin you shall pay me back.†Though it is not an easy pact but I went for it as I wanted to work for the humanity, â€Å"my efforts to reach that crown of humanity, after which all my senses strive?†But, then I realized this endeavor was futile as it would leave me nowhere. I realized all this I can attain in God’s grace as well then why to join an evil company? I realized this fact that a devil will win any how by treachery and deceit. I thank to God that this understanding came to me much earlier and I saved myself from devil. 2. Dear Ivan, Life shows many twists and turns, it is never a pleasant journey and some people are less fortunate. I have heard your plight. It is really distressing and I have failed to understand the justice of God as well. Fair should be rewarded in the God’s court but it seems that he too turns His blind eye for the righteous. You were wrongly convicted and have suffered entire life in galore for someone else crime. Your wife also disbelieved you and your children have forgotten you as well as if you have never existed for them. Your petitions to review the case went unheard and that also did not shake your faith. You had firm faith in God and believed in His Justice but the justice was denied to you. I hold your persona with utmost respect and wonder how were you able to forgive Makar and reconcile with the things. I have undergone same predicament and I am unable to reason with this fact, why I have been mocked and ridiculed. I have picked just a piece of string thinking it might be of some use to me but was accused of pic king wallet that belonged to Maitre Fortune Houlbreque  of Manneville. I was wrongly charged and I came to know Maitre Malandain has laid blame on me. I tried to prove myself innocent by showing the proof of my pick but they laughed and disbelieved me. Maitre Malandain always had grudges against me. I was wrongly indicted, you would be surprised to know that the purse was found and returned to the mayor yet people thought me an accomplice and defamed me everywhere. I tried to prove my innocence to every person I met on my way, I am well aware that at my back they made fun of me and suspected me. I have found the futility of convincing everyone. I have grown ill ,pestering myself and now, I am at the death bed thinking my plight is just like yours my dear friend, the justice is denied to me as well in this human world but I am breathing my last with

Growing Staff Presentation as Human Resource Management Consultan PowerPoint

Growing Staff as Human Resource Management Consultan - PowerPoint Presentation Example has undertaken for the purpose of making sure that its top management have the right requisite skills that will translate in the production of the required results. This in essence will lead to the achievement of the goals and objectives that have been put in place by the firm. The first among this is the building of skills in the leaders. The dynamic nature of business operations calls for individuals who are in a position to adapt to the various situations that present themselves in the business world. This is not forgetting the Human Resource Issue. For this reason, the individuals should be more adaptive for the purpose of boosting their performance and overall score in the work environment. It is of the essence to note that the organization has various individuals working therein. For this reason, the propositions may not be taken in well by all the parties involved. To some, this may be taken as a way of locking out some individuals, especially those who are not well qualified for certain positions. However, it is of the essence to note that the training, which is undertaken, is for the benefit of all the individuals in the organization when it comes to their general performance. Fashion design is purely artistic and as such, it is the designer and the assistants who determine how far a brand goes. Nonetheless, technology has changed all fronts of our daily lives dramatically; adding innovativeness to what we have always done hence easing our daily loads. The current workforce of Michael Kors Fashion House is large. With 372 workers for a company of its size, it is a record. The large workforce’s output is limited in comparison with what they should be producing. The gap between the workers and the target output is in their inconsistency due to poor work ethics and lack of adaptation of technology. If the company can invest in its workers, it sure will invest in its future. The possibility of the company producing double the much it does today in the

Integrate a quote with a signal phrase that precedes the quote. Essay Example for Free

Integrate a quote with a signal phrase that precedes the quote. Essay In his article â€Å"A Matter of Degrees,† Clive Crook illustrates the importance of literacy today: â€Å"Illiteracy has always cut people off from the possibility of a prosperous life, and from full civil engagement†¦ Three out of ten seniors in public high school still fail to reach the basic-literacy standard† (30). 2. Integrate a quote with a signal phrase that interrupts the quote. â€Å"So much about today’s adult industry seems like an undeft parody of Hollywood and the nation writ large,† says David Foster Wallace in the essay â€Å"Big Red Son,† describing the evolution of adult film stars. â€Å"†¦The gynecologically explicit sexuality of Jenna [Jameson], Jasmin [St. Claire], et al. seems more than anything like a Mad magazine spoof of the â€Å"smoldering† sexuality of Sharon Stone and Madonna and so many other mainstream iconettes† (29-30). 3. Integrate a quote with a signal phrase that follows the quote. â€Å"I love the Cup because it stripped away all the things about professional sports that Ive come to despise†¦ The World Cup just bangs it out: Two cool national anthems, two 45-minute halves, a few minutes of extra time and usually were done. Everything flies by. Everything means something. Its the single best sporting event we have by these four measures: efficiency, significance, historical context and truly meaningful/memorable/exciting moments,† says Bill Simmons of ESPN. com in â€Å"Bill Simmons: World Cup 20 Questions,† explaining some of the virtues of the international soccer tournament. Works Cited Crook, Clive. A Matter of Degrees. The Atlantic Monthly Nov. 2006: 28-30. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 July 2010. Simmons, Bill. Bill Simmons: World Cups 20 Questions ESPN. ESPN: The Worldwide Leader In Sports. ESPN Internet Ventures, 1 July 2010. Web. 05 July 2010. Wallace, David Foster. Big Red Son. Consider the Lobster and Other Essays. New York: Little, Brown, 2006. 3-50. Print.

Intelligent Software Agent

Intelligent Software Agent Chapter 1 Intelligent Software Agent 1.1 Intelligent Agent An Agent can be defined as follows: â€Å"An Agent is a software thing that knows how to do things that you could probably do yourself if you had the time† (Ted Seller of IBM Almaden Research Centre). Another definition is: â€Å"A piece of software which performs a given task using information gleaned from its environment to act in a suitable manner so as to complete the task successfully. The software should be able to adapt itself based on changes occurring in its environment, so that a change in circumstances will still yield the intended results† (G.W.Lecky Thompson). [1] [2] [3] [4] An Intelligent Agent can be divided into weak and strong notations. Table 1.1 shows the properties for both the notations. Weak notation Strong notation Autonomy Mobility Social ability Benevolence Reactivity Proactivity Rationality Temporal continuity Adaptivity Goal oriented Collaboration Table 1.1 1.1.1 Intelligency Intelligence refers to the ability of the agent to capture and apply domain specific knowledge and processing to solve problems. An Intelligent Agent uses knowledge, information and reasoning to take reasonable actions in pursuit of a goal. It must be able to recognise events, determine the meaning of those events and then take actions on behalf of a user. One central element of intelligent behaviour is the ability to adopt or learn from experience. Any Agent that can learn has an advantage over one that cannot. Adding learning or adaptive behaviour to an intelligent agent elevates it to a higher level of ability. In order to construct an Intelligent Agent, we have to use the following topics of Artificial Intelligence: Knowledge Representation Reasoning Learning [5] 1.1.2 Operation The functionality of a mobile agent is illustrated in 1.1. Computer A and Computer B are connected via a network. In step 1 a mobile Agent is going to be dispatched from Computer A towards Computer B. In the mean time Computer A will suspend its execution. Step 2 shows this mobile Agent is now on network with its state and code. In step 3 this mobile Agent will reach to its destination, computer B, which will resume its execution. [7] 1.1.3 Strengths and Weaknesses Many researchers are now developing methods for improving the technology, with more standardisation and better programming environments that may allow mobile agents to be used in products. It is obvious that the more an application gets intelligent, the more it also gets unpredictable and uncontrollable. The main drawback of mobile agents is the security risk involved in using them. [8] [9] The following table shows the major strengths and weaknesses of Agent technology: Strengths Weakness Overcoming Network Latency Security Reducing Network traffic Performance Asynchronous Execution and Autonomy Lack of Applications Operating in Heterogeneous Environments Limited Exposure Robust and Fault-tolerant Behavior Standardization Table 1.2 1.2 Applications The followings are the major and most widely applicable areas of Mobile Agent: Distributed Computing: Mobile Agents can be applied in a network using free resources for their own computations. Collecting data: A mobile Agent travels around the net. On each computer it processes the data and sends the results back to the central server. Software Distribution and Maintenance: Mobile agents could be used to distribute software in a network environment or to do maintenance tasks. Mobile agents and Bluetooth: Bluetooth is a technology for short range radio communication. Originally, the companies Nokia and Ericsson came up with the idea. Bluetooth has a nominal range of 10 m and 100 m with increased power. [38] Mobile agents as Pets: Mobile agents are the ideal pets. Imagine something like creatures. What if you could have some pets wandering around the internet, choosing where they want to go, leaving you if you dont care about them or coming to you if you handle them nicely? People would buy such things wont they? [38] Mobile agents and offline tasks: 1. Mobile agents could be used for offline tasks in the following way: a- An Agent is sent out over the internet to do some task. b- The Agent performs its task while the home computer is offline. c- The Agent returns with its results. 2. Mobile agents could be used to simulate a factory: a- Machines in factory are agent driven. b- Agents provide realistic data for a simulation, e.g. uptimes and efficiencies. c- Simulation results are used to improve real performance or to plan better production lines. [10[ [11] [12] 1.3 Life Cycle An intelligent and autonomous Agent has properties like Perception, Reasoning  and Action which form the life cycle of an Agent as shown in 1.2. [6] The agent perceives the state of its environment, integrates the perception in its knowledge base that is used to derive the next action which is then executed. This generic cycle is a useful abstraction as it provides a black-box view on the Agent and encapsulates specific aspects. The first step is the Agent initialisation. The Agent will then start to operate and may stop and start again depending upon the environment and the tasks that it tried to accomplish. After the Agent finished all the tasks that are required, it will end at the completing state. [13] Table 1.3 shows these states. Name of Step Description Initialize Performs one-time setup activities. Start Start its job or task. Stop Stops jobs, save intermediate results, joins all threads and stops. Complete Performs one-time termination activities. Table 1.3 1.4 Agent Oriented Programming (AOP) It is a programming technique which deals with objects, which have independent thread of control and can be initiated. We will elaborate on the three main components of the AOP. a- Object: Grouping data and computation together in a single structural unit called an ‘Object. Every Agent looks like an object. b- Independent Thread of control: This means when this developed Agent which is an object, when will be implemented in Boga server, looks like an independent thread. This makes an Agent different from ordinary object. c- Initiation: This deals with the execution plan of an Agent, when implemented, that Agent can be initiated from the server for execution. [14] [15] [16] [17] 1.5 Network paradigms This section illustrates the traditional distributed computing paradigms like Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and Remote Procedure Call (RPC). 1.5.1 SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol is a standard for gathering statistical data about network traffic and the behavior of network components. It is an application layer protocol that sits above TCP/IP stack. It is a set of protocols for managing complex networks. It enables network administrators to manage network performance, find and solve network problems and plan for network growth. It is basically a request or response type of protocol, communicating management information between two types of SNMP entities: Manager (Applications) and Agents. [18] Agents: They are compliant devices; they store data about themselves in Management Information Base (MIB) (Each agent in SNMP maintain a local database of information relevant to network management is known as the Management Information Base) and return this data to the SNMP requesters. An agent has properties like: Implements full SNMP protocol, Stores and retrieves managed data as defined by the Management Information Base and can asynchronously signal an event to the manager. Manager (Application): It issues queries to get information about the status, configuration and performance of external network devices. A manager has the following properties: Implemented as a Network Management Station (the NMS), implements full SNMP Protocol, able to Query Agents, get responses from Agents, set variables in agents and acknowledge asynchronous events from Agents. [18] 1.3 illustrates an interaction between a manager and an Agent. The agent is software that enables a device to respond to manager requests to view or update MIB data and send traps reporting problems or significant events. It receives messages and sends a response back. An Agent does not have to wait for order to act, if a serious problem arises or a significant event occurs, it sends a TRAP (a message that reports a problem or a significant event) to the manager (software in a network management station that enables the station to send requests to view or update MIB variables, and to receive traps from an agent). The Manager software which is in the management station sends message to the Agent and receives a trap and responses. It uses User Data Protocol (UDP, a simple protocol enabling an application to send individual message to other applications. Delivery is not guaranteed, and messages need not be delivered in the same order as they were sent) to carry its messages. Finally, there is one application that enables end user to control the man ager software and view network information. [19] Table 1.4 comprises the Strengths and Weaknesses of SNMP. Strengths Weaknesses Its design and implementation are simple. It may not be suitable for the management of truly large networks because of the performance limitations of polling. Due to its simple design it can be expanded and also the protocol can be updated to meet future needs. It is not well suited for retrieving large volumes of data, such as an entire routing table. All major vendors of internetwork hardware, such as bridges and routers, design their products to support SNMP, making it very easy to implement. Its traps are unacknowledged and most probably not delivered. Not applicable It provides only trivial authentication. Not applicable It does not support explicit actions. Not applicable Its MIB model is limited (does not support management queries based on object types or values). Not applicable It does not support manager-to-manager communications. Not applicable The information it deals with neither detailed nor well-organized enough to deal with the expanding modern networking requirements. Not applicable It uses UDP as a transport protocol. The complex policy updates require a sequence of updates and a reliable transport protocol, such as TCP, allows the policy update to be conducted over a shared state between the managed device and the management station. Table 1.4 1.5.2 RPC A remote procedure call (RPC) is a protocol that allows a computer program running on one host to cause code to be executed on another host without the programmer needing to explicitly code for this. When the code in question is written using object-oriented principles, RPC is sometimes referred to as remote invocation or remote method invocation. It is a popular and powerful technique for constructing distributed, client-server based applications. An RPC is initiated by the caller (client) sending a request message to a remote system (the server) to execute a certain procedure using arguments supplied. A result message is returned to the caller. It is based on extending the notion of conventional or local procedure calling, so that the called procedure need not exist in the same address space as the calling procedure. The two processes may be on the same system, or they may be on different systems with a network connecting them. By using RPC, programmers of distributed applications avoid the details of the interface with the network. The transport independence of RPC isolates the application from the physical and logical elements of the data communications mechanism and allows the application to use a variety of transports. A distributed computing using RPC is illustrated in 1.4. Local procedures are executed on Machine A; the remote procedure is actually executed on Machine B. The program executing on Machine A will wait until Machine B has completed the operation of the remote procedure and then continue with its program logic. The remote procedure may have a return value that continuing program may use immediately. It intercepts calls to a procedure and the following happens: Packages the name of the procedure and arguments to the call and transmits them over network to the remote machine where the RPC server id running. It is called â€Å"Marshalling†. [20] RPC decodes the name of the procedure and the parameters. It makes actual procedure call on server (remote) machine. It packages returned value and output parameters and then transmits it over network back to the machine that made the call. It is called â€Å"Unmarshalling†. [20] 1.6 Comparison between Agent technology and network paradigms Conventional Network Management is based on SNMP and often run in a centralised manner. Although the centralised management approach gives network administrators a flexibility of managing the whole network from a single place, it is prone to information bottleneck and excessive processing load on the manager and heavy usage of network bandwidth. Intelligent Agents for network management tends to monitor and control networked devices on site and consequently save the manager capacity and network bandwidth. The use of Intelligent Agents is due to its major advantages e.g. asynchronous, autonomous and heterogeneous etc. while the other two contemporary technologies i.e. SNMP and RPC are lacking these advantages. The table below shows the comparison between the intelligent agent and its contemporary technologies: Property RPC SNMP Intelligent Agent Communication Synchronous Asynchronous Asynchronous Processing Power Less Autonomy More Autonomous but less than Agent More Autonomous Network support Distributed Centralised Heterogeneous Network Load Management Heavy usage of Network Bandwidth Load on Network traffic and heavy usage of bandwidth Reduce Network traffic and latency Transport Protocol TCP UDP TCP Packet size Network Only address can be sent for request and data on reply Only address can be sent for request and data on reply Code and execution state can be moved around network. (only code in case of weak mobility) Network Monitoring This is not for this purpose Network delays and information bottle neck at centralised management station It gives flexibility to analyse the managed nodes locally Table 1.5 Indeed, Agents, mobile or intelligent, by providing a new paradigm of computer interactions, give new options for developers to design application based on computer connectivity. 20 Chapter 2 Learning Paradigms 2.1 Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) and Information Retrieval (IR) KDD is defined as â€Å"the nontrivial process of identifying valid, novel, potentially useful and ultimately understandable patterns in data† (Fayyad, Piatetsky-Shapiro and Smith (1996)). A closely related process of IR is defined as â€Å"the methods and processes for searching relevant information out of information systems that contain extremely large numbers of documents† (Rocha (2001)). KDD and IR are, in fact, highly complex processes that are strongly affected by a wide range of factors. These factors include the needs and information seeking characteristics of system users as well as the tools and methods used to search and retrieve the structure and size of the data set or database and the nature of the data itself. The result, of course, was increasing numbers of organizations that possessed very large and continually growing databases but only elementary tools for KD and IR. [21] Two major research areas have been developed in response to this problem: * Data warehousing: It is defined as: â€Å"Collecting and ‘cleaning transactional data to make it available for online analysis and decision support†. (Fayyad 2001, p.30)  · Data Mining: It is defined as: â€Å"The application of specific algorithms to a data set for purpose of extracting data patterns†. (Fayyad p. 28) 2.2 Data Mining Data mining is a statistical term. In Information Technology it is defined as a discovery of useful summaries of data. 2.2.1 Applications of Data Mining The following are examples of the use of data mining technology: Pattern of traveller behavior mined: Manage the sale of discounted seats in planes, rooms in hotels. Diapers and beer: Observation those customers who buy diapers are more likely to buy beer than average allowed supermarkets to place beer and diapers nearby, knowing many customers would walk between them. Placing potato chips between increased sales of all three items. Skycat and Sloan Sky Survey: Clustering sky objects by their radiation levels in different bands allowed astronomers to distinguish between galaxies, nearby stars, and many other kinds of celestial objects. Comparison of genotype of people: With/without a condition allowed the discovery of a set of genes that together account for many case of diabetes. This sort of mining will become much more important as the human genome is constructed. [22] [23] [24] 2.2.2 Communities of Data Mining As data mining has become recognised as a powerful tool, several different communities have laid claim to the subject: Statistics Artificial Intelligence (AI) where it is called â€Å"Machine Learning† Researchers in clustering algorithms Visualisation researchers Databases: When data is large and the computations is very complex, in this context, data mining can be thought of as algorithms for executing very complex queries on non-main-memory data. 2.2.3 Stages of data mining process The following are the different stages of data mining process, sometimes called as a life cycle of data mining as shown in 2.1: Data gathering: Data warehousing, web crawling. Data cleansing: Eliminate errors and/or bogus data e.g. Patients fever = 125oC. 3- Feature extraction: Obtaining only the interesting attributes of the data e.g. â€Å"data acquired† is probably not useful for clustering celestial objects as in skycat. 4- Pattern extraction and discovery: This is the stage that is often thought of as â€Å"data mining† and is where we shall concentrate our efforts. 5- Visualisation of the data: 6- Evaluation of results: Not every discovered fact is useful, or even true! Judgment is necessary before following the softwares conclusions. [22] [23] [24] 2.3 Machine Learning There are five major techniques of machine learning in Artificial Intelligence (AI), which are discussed in the following sections. 2.3.1 Supervised Learning It relies on a teacher that provides the input data as well as the desired solution. The learning agent is trained by showing it examples of the problem state or attributes along with the desired output or action. The learning agent makes a prediction based on the inputs and if the output differs from the desired output, then the agent is adjusted or adapted to produce the correct output. This process is repeated over and over until the agent learns to make accurate classifications or predictions e.g. Historical data from databases, sensor logs or trace logs is often used as training or example data. The example of supervised learning algorithm is the ‘Decision Tree, where there is a pre-specified target variable. [25] [5] 2.3.2 Unsupervised Learning It depends on input data only and makes no demands on knowing the solution. It is used when learning agent needs to recognize similarities between inputs or to identify features in the input data. The data is presented to the Agent, and it adapts so that it partitions the data into groups. This process continues until the Agents place the same group on successive passes over the data. An unsupervised learning algorithm performs a type of feature detection where important common attributes in the data are extracted. The example of unsupervised learning algorithm is â€Å"the K-Means Clustering algorithm†. [25] [5] 2.3.3 Reinforcement Learning It is a kind of supervised learning, where the feedback is more general. On the other hand, there are two more techniques in the machine learning, and these are: on-line learning and off-line learning. [25] [5] 2.3.4 On-line and Off-line Learning On-line learning means that the agent is adapting while it is working. Off-line involves saving data while the agent is working and using the data later to train the agent. [25] [5] In an intelligent agent context, this means that the data will be gathered from situations that the agents have experienced. Then augment this data with information about the desired agent response to build a training data set. Once this database is ready it can be used to modify the behaviour of agents. These approaches can be combined with any two or more into one system. In order to develop Learning Intelligent Agent(LIAgent) we will combine unsupervised learning with supervised learning. We will test LIAgents on Iris dataset, Vote dataset about the polls in USA and two medical datasets namely Breast and Diabetes. [26] See Appendix A for all these four datasets. 2.4 Supervised Learning (Decision Tree ID3) Decision trees and decision rules are data mining methodologies applied in many real world applications as a powerful solution to classify the problems. The goal of supervised learning is to create a classification model, known as a classifier, which will predict, with the values of its available input attributes, the class for some entity (a given sample). In other words, classification is the process of assigning a discrete label value (class) to an unlabeled record, and a classifier is a model (a result of classification) that predicts one attribute-class of a sample-when the other attributes are given. [40] In doing so, samples are divided into pre-defined groups. For example, a simple classification might group customer billing records into two specific classes: those who pay their bills within thirty days and those who takes longer than thirty days to pay. Different classification methodologies are applied today in almost every discipline, where the task of classification, because of the large amount of data, requires automation of the process. Examples of classification methods used as a part of data-mining applications include classifying trends in financial market and identifying objects in large image databases. [40] A particularly efficient method for producing classifiers from data is to generate a decision tree. The decision-tree representation is the most widely used logic method. There is a large number of decision-tree induction algorithms described primarily in the machine-learning and applied-statistics literature. They are supervised learning methods that construct decision trees from a set of input-output samples. A typical decision-tree learning system adopts a top-down strategy that searches for a solution in a part of the search space. It guarantees that a simple, but not necessarily the simplest tree will be found. A decision tree consists of nodes, where attributes are tested. The outgoing branches of a node correspond to all the possible outcomes of the test at the node. [40] Decision trees are used in information theory to determine where to split data sets in order to build classifiers and regression trees. Decision trees perform induction on data sets, generating classifiers and prediction models. A decision tree examines the data set and uses information theory to determine which attribute contains the information on which to base a decision. This attribute is then used in a decision node to split the data set into two groups, based on the value of that attribute. At each subsequent decision node, the data set is split again. The result is a decision tree, a collection of nodes. The leaf nodes represent a final classification of the record. ID3 is an example of decision tree. It is kind of supervised learning. We used ID3 in order to print the decision rules as its output. [40] 2.4.1 Decision Tree Decision trees are powerful and popular tools for classification and prediction. The attractiveness of decision trees is due to the fact that, in contrast to neural networks, decision trees represent rules. Rules can readily be expressed so that humans can understand them or even directly used in a database access language like SQL so that records falling into a particular category may be retrieved. Decision tree is a classifier in the form of a tree structure, where each node is either: Leaf node indicates the value of the target attribute (class) of examples, or Decision node specifies some test to be carried out on a single attribute value, with one branch and sub-tree for each possible outcome of the test. Decision tree induction is a typical inductive approach to learn knowledge on classification. The key requirements to do mining with decision trees are:  · Attribute value description: Object or case must be expressible in terms of a fixed collection of properties or attributes. This means that we need to discretise continuous attributes, or this must have been provided in the algorithm.  · Predefined classes (target attribute values): The categories to which examples are to be assigned must have been established beforehand (supervised data).  · Discrete classes: A case does or does not belong to a particular class, and there must be more cases than classes. * Sufficient data: Usually hundreds or even thousands of training cases. A decision tree is constructed by looking for regularities in data. [27] [5] 2.4.2 ID3 Algorithm J. Ross Quinlan originally developed ID3 at the University of Sydney. He first presented ID3 in 1975 in a book, Machine Learning, vol. 1, no. 1. ID3 is based on the Concept Learning System (CLS) algorithm. [28] function ID3 Input: (R: a set of non-target attributes, C: the target attribute, 2.4.3 Functionality of ID3 ID3 searches through the attributes of the training instances and extracts the attribute that best separates the given examples. If the attribute perfectly classifies the training sets then ID3 stops; otherwise it recursively operates on the m (where m = number of possible values of an attribute) partitioned subsets to get their best attribute. The algorithm uses a greedy search, that is, it picks the best attribute and never looks back to reconsider earlier choices. If the dataset has no such attribute which will be used for the decision then the result will be the misclassification of data. Entropy a measure of homogeneity of the set of examples. [5] Entropy(S) = pplog2 pp pnlog2 pn (1) (2) 2.4.4 Decision Tree Representation A decision tree is an arrangement of tests that prescribes an appropriate test at every step in an analysis. It classifies instances by sorting them down the tree from the root node to some leaf node, which provides the classification of the instance. Each node in the tree specifies a test of some attribute of the instance, and each branch descending from that node corresponds to one of the possible values for this attribute. This is illustrated in 2.3. The decision rules can also be obtained from ID3 in the form of if-then-else, which can be use for the decision support systems and classification. Given m attributes, a decision tree may have a maximum height of m. [29][5] 2.4.5 Challenges in decision tree Following are the issues in learning decision trees: Determining how deeply to grow the decision tree. Handling continuous attributes. Choosing an appropriate attribute selection measure. Handling training data with missing attribute values. Handling attributes with differing costs and Improving computational efficiency. 2.4.6 Strengths and Weaknesses Following are the strengths and weaknesses in decision tree: Strengths Weaknesses It generates understandable rules. It is less appropriate for estimation tasks where the goal is to predict the value of a continuous attribute. It performs classification without requiring much computation. It is prone to errors in classification problems with many class and relatively small number of training examples. It is suitable to handle both continuous and categorical variables. It can be computationally expensive to train. The process of growing a decision tree is computationally expensive. At each node, each candidate splitting field must be sorted before its best split can be found. Pruning algorithms can also be expensive since many candidate sub-trees must be formed and compared. It provides a clear indication of which fields are most important for prediction or classification. It does not treat well non-rectangular regions. It only examines a single field at a time. This leads to rectangular classification boxes that may not correspond well with the actual distribution of records in the decision space. Table 2.1 2.4.7 Applications Decision tree is generally suited to problems with the following characteristics: a. Instances are described by a fixed set of attributes (e.g., temperature) and their values (e.g., hot). b. The easiest situation for decision tree learning occurs when each attribute takes on a small number of disjoint possible values (e.g., hot, mild, cold). c. Extensions to the basic algorithm allow handling real-valued attributes as well (e.g., a floating point temperature). d. A decision tree assigns a classification to each example. i- Simplest case exists when there are only two possible classes (Boolean classification). ii- Decision tree methods can also be easily extended to learning functions with more than two possible output values. e. A more substantial extension allows learning target functions with real-valued outputs, although the application of decision trees in this setting is less common. f. Decision tree methods can be used even when some training examples have unknown values (e.g., humidity is known for only a fraction of the examples). [30] Learned functions are either represented by a decision tree or re-represented as sets of if-then rules to improve readability. 2.5 Unsupervised Learning (K-Means Clustering) Cluster analysis is a set of methodologies for automatic classification of samples into a number of groups using a measure of association, so that the samples in one group are similar and samples belonging to different groups are not similar. The inpu